Surveying Glossary — Letter S
Các thuật ngữ chính trong trắc địa chuyên nghiệp và công nghệ địa không gian.
A group of artificial satellites working together in coordinated orbits to provide continuous global coverage and services.
Satellite-Based Augmentation System na nagbibigay ng correction signals para mapabuti ang accuracy ng GPS positioning sa surveying at navigation.
A numerical multiplier used in surveying to convert map measurements to ground distances or to adjust coordinates for projection distortions.
Процесс преобразования трёхмерных облаков точек, полученных лазерным сканированием, в информационные модели зданий.
A specialized computer application designed to create, manage, and visualize complex spatial environments and three-dimensional landscapes for surveying and mapping purposes.
Teknik pengukuran berbasis fotografi yang menggunakan algoritma komputer untuk membangun model tiga dimensi dari serangkaian gambar dua dimensi.
Həndəsi verilənləri və məkan məlumatlarını saxlayan raster olmayan vektor məlumat formatı.
A sonar system that transmits acoustic signals perpendicular to the survey vessel's path to create detailed images of the seafloor and underwater objects.
A hydrographic surveying instrument that measures water depth by transmitting a single sound beam vertically downward and recording the echo return time from the seafloor or riverbed.
A vertical record of sound speed variations in water at different depths, essential for accurate hydrographic surveying and underwater positioning.
The ability of a surveying instrument or system to distinguish between two closely spaced points or features on the Earth's surface.
The process of marking and establishing precise points on the ground according to surveyed locations and design plans.
A surveying process of marking and establishing precise locations on the ground according to predetermined coordinates and design plans.
A measure of how spread out data points are from the average value in a dataset.
A coordinate system used in surveying and mapping that divides the United States into zones with unique projections to minimize distortion over specific geographic areas.
A surveying method that uses stationary GNSS receivers to determine precise coordinates of fixed points on Earth's surface.
A computational technique that reconstructs three-dimensional models of objects and environments from a sequence of two-dimensional images taken from different viewpoints.
A geophysical instrument that uses acoustic energy to image subsurface geological layers and structures beneath water bodies and soft sediments.
The process of dividing a tract of land into smaller parcels for development or sale.
A correction applied to acoustic survey measurements that accounts for variations in sound wave velocity through different water layers to ensure accurate depth and distance calculations.
A consistent, predictable error that occurs in the same direction and magnitude during repeated measurements in surveying.