Glosarium

A three-legged stand used to support surveying instruments at a fixed height and position for accurate measurements.

The slowing and bending of electromagnetic signals as they travel through the troposphere, affecting surveying measurements and positioning accuracy.

Specialized surveying methodology for measuring and mapping underground passage dimensions, alignment, and geological conditions during tunnel construction and maintenance.

A surveying method using unmanned aerial vehicles to capture aerial imagery and data for mapping and analysis purposes.

Sistem penginderaan jarak jauh yang menggunakan teknologi Light Detection and Ranging yang dipasang pada kendaraan udara tanpa awak untuk pemetaan dan survei presisi tinggi.

An autonomous or remotely operated watercraft equipped with surveying sensors for hydrographic data collection without on-board personnel.

A comprehensive examination and mapping of underground and above-ground utilities to identify their locations, depths, and specifications before construction or excavation work.

A conformal map projection that divides the Earth into 60 zones, each 6 degrees wide in longitude, using a transverse Mercator projection to minimize distortion.

A global map projection system that divides the Earth into 60 zones for accurate coordinate representation in surveying and mapping applications.

VDOP ay isang sukat ng geometric na kalidad ng positioning sa vertical na bahagi gamit ang mga satellite signal.

Digital geographic information represented as discrete points, lines, and polygons with associated attributes.

The angle measured vertically from the horizontal plane to a line of sight in surveying operations.

The measurement of vertical angles using the graduated vertical circle on a theodolite or transit instrument.

A reference surface used to measure heights and elevations of points on the Earth's surface.

The change in vertical reference elevation that occurs when converting between different vertical datum systems.

Surveying practice extending measurements and observations beyond the direct line of sight between observer and target point.

The process of determining the three-dimensional space occupied by materials or excavations in surveying projects.

A voxel is a three-dimensional pixel representing a discrete unit of space in a volumetric grid, commonly used in surveying and spatial data representation.

A technique for reducing the resolution of three-dimensional volumetric data by merging multiple voxels into larger units while preserving spatial information.

Vrs estas sistemo de pozicia determinado uzanta satelitajn signalojn por akurata lokigo.

WAAS ay isang satellite-based augmentation system na nagpapabuti ng accuracy ng GPS positioning para sa surveying at navigation applications.

A digital platform or system that enables users to share, distribute, and collaborate on web-based content and resources across networked environments.

WGS84 je globalni geodetski referentni sistem koji se koristi za precizno određivanje položaja na Zemlji u survejingu i navigaciji.

The point on the celestial sphere directly above an observer's position, used as a reference in surveying and astronomy.

The angle measured from the zenith (vertical direction) downward to a point or line of sight in surveying and astronomy.

Метод геодезической съемки, при котором опорные точки закрепляются деревянными или металлическими столбами для измерения расстояний и углов.

مجموعة من أجهزة القياس والمعدات المستخدمة في عمليات المسح والتقييم الميداني للخصائص الطبيعية والبشرية.

الزاوية المقاسة بين خطين أو اتجاهين في المستوى الأفقي، وتُستخدم على نطاق واسع في المسح والهندسة.

نظام إحداثيات يُستخدم لتحديد مواقع النقاط على أساس مرجعية محلية محددة بدلاً من النظام الجغرافي العالمي.

两面测量是指在测量中对同一对象从两个相对方向或位置进行测量的方法，用以提高测量精度和可靠性。

北斗是中国自主开发的全球卫星导航系统，提供精准的定位、导航和授时服务。

地下測量是一種專門用於測定地下空間、隧道、礦山等地下結構的位置、深度和尺寸的技術。

测量中用于确定从问题发现到完全解决所需的总时间周期。