Thuật ngữ

A type of survey that determines the positions and dimensions of structures to be constructed or modified on a site.

LAZ format is a compressed point cloud file format commonly used in surveying and geospatial applications to reduce storage requirements while maintaining data integrity.

A mathematical method for finding the best-fit line or curve through a set of surveying measurements by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and calculated values.

A precise written identification of a specific parcel of real property using standardized surveying methods and coordinates.

A advanced surveying software platform by Leica Geosystems for processing, analyzing, and managing geospatial data from various surveying instruments and sensors.

LIDAR ay isang remote sensing technology na gumagamit ng light pulses upang sukatin ang mga distansya at lumikha ng 3D maps ng terrain at mga bagay.

A coordinate system established for a specific project or area that may not align with national or global reference systems.

A standardized specification defining the extent and reliability of information contained in BIM model elements at various project stages.

Automated systems that guide and control construction machinery to precise grades, slopes, and positions using surveyed data and real-time positioning technology.

Mapa skala adalah rasio antara jarak pada peta dan jarak sebenarnya di lapangan yang digunakan untuk menentukan ukuran representasi geografis.

A specialized surveying discipline that documents mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems in existing buildings to create accurate Building Information Models for renovation and retrofit projects.

A cylindrical map projection that preserves angles and directions, making it useful for navigation but distorting areas, especially at higher latitudes.

Metadata is information that describes the characteristics, structure, and context of data itself rather than the data content.

A method of describing real property boundaries using physical features, distances, and directions rather than a coordinate system.

MHW adalah rata-rata ketinggian air tertinggi yang dicapai selama siklus pasang surut penuh, diukur dari datum referensi yang ditetapkan dan digunakan sebagai batas administratif dan survei pesisir.

A small reflective prism used in surveying to reflect laser beams back to their source for distance measurement and positioning.

MLLW adalah datum vertikal yang merepresentasikan rata-rata dari air pasang surut terendah yang teramati selama periode pengamatan 19 tahun di lokasi pesisir tertentu.

Mobile mapping is a surveying technique that uses sensors mounted on moving vehicles to capture geographic data and create detailed maps of terrain and infrastructure.

A systematic periodic measurement and observation process used to detect changes, deformations, or movements in structures, land, or natural features over time.

A permanent physical structure or marker established to mark a specific location, boundary, or point of surveying significance.

A hydrographic surveying instrument that uses multiple acoustic beams simultaneously to map seafloor bathymetry and detect underwater features with high spatial resolution.

A systematic quality control procedure used to verify and calibrate the geometric and radiometric relationships between a multibeam sonar system's transducers and the vessel's motion reference frame.

A sonar system that transmits multiple acoustic beams simultaneously to map large underwater areas with high resolution.

Multipath je fenomen gdje se GNSS signali dostižu prijamniku kroz više različitih putanja zbog refleksije od obližnjih površina.

Techniques and methods used in surveying and positioning systems to reduce errors caused by signal reflections from nearby surfaces.

Mvs je sistem za merenje i breleživanje pozicija tačaka na terenu tokom geodetskih radova.

NAD83 is the North American Datum of 1983, a geodetic reference system used for mapping and surveying across North America.

Photographs or images captured directly downward from an aerial platform, perpendicular to the Earth's surface.

The point on the ground directly below the camera or sensor at the moment of image capture in aerial or satellite surveying.

Napa ya taswira ni mbinu ya kubadilisha uso wa dunia wenye pande tatu kuwa ramani nyumba wenye pande mbili.

A specialized surveying methodology that integrates Autodesk Navisworks software with field survey data to coordinate multi-disciplinary construction projects and detect spatial conflicts before construction begins.

NDVI ay isang normalized na indeks na ginagamit upang sukatin ang kalusugan at density ng halaman gamit ang satellite o drone imagery.

The mathematical process of distributing measurement errors throughout a surveying network to achieve the most probable and consistent set of coordinates.

La nivelaziun es ina metodgia da survay che determina las diferenzas d'altituda tranter puncts sin il terrain.

A device or algorithm that removes unwanted signal disturbances from surveying measurements.

A statistical method used in surveying and point cloud registration that represents spatial data through normal distributions fitted to local surface neighborhoods.

NSRS ay ang National Spatial Reference System na nagbibigay ng koordinadong framework para sa lahat ng surveying at mapping activities sa Estados Unidos.

NTRIP is a protocol for transmitting GNSS correction data over the internet to enable real-time precise positioning in surveying and mapping applications.

Aerial photography or remote sensing data captured at an angle rather than directly vertical, providing a three-dimensional perspective of terrain and features.

Specialized surveying techniques and methodologies used to measure, map, and gather spatial data in marine and oceanic environments beyond coastal areas.

An optical instrument mounted on surveying equipment to precisely align the instrument's vertical axis with a point on the ground.

The vertical distance measured along the direction of gravity from a reference datum (typically mean sea level) to a point on Earth's surface.

The process of creating a geometrically corrected, seamless mosaic image from overlapping aerial photographs or drone imagery by removing perspective distortion and aligning images to a common coordinate system.

An aerial or satellite photograph that has been geometrically corrected to remove distortions and aligned to a map projection for accurate spatial measurements.

The area where two or more survey photographs, maps, or survey strips cover the same geographic region.

The legally defined perimeter line that separates one parcel of land from adjacent properties or public lands.

PDOP ay isang sukatan ng geometric na kalidad ng satellite configuration sa GPS surveying na nakakaapekto sa accuracy ng positioning.

The displacement of a periodic wave or signal relative to a reference point in time or space.

Photogrammetry is the science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring, and interpreting photographic images.

A preliminary three-dimensional point cloud generated during photogrammetric processing that contains relatively few calculated points, used as an intermediate step before dense cloud generation.